Common Name:

General Information

Ilex triflora is an evergreen shrub or a small tree, usually growing around 2 - 10 metres tall[].
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine. It is sometimes grown as an ornamental.
Ilex triflora is a very widespread species with no known specific threats. The plant is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2019)[].

Known Hazards

Although no specific reports of toxicity have been seen for this species, Ilex species in general contain several potentially toxic compounds, particularly saponins, glycosides and triterpenoids. These compounds also often have a range of potential health benefits[, , ].
The berries are usually the part of the plant most likely to be toxic, though the degree of toxicity is usually low. Their bitter flavour usually prevents a person eating more than one or two, but even a small handful of the fruit eaten by a healthy adult is unlikely to cause more than feelings of nausea that can lead on to vomiting and diarrhoea[].
The compounds in the leaves are particularly interesting. The leaves of many Ilex species around the world are commonly used to make health-promoting teas that, when drunk on a regular basis, help to regulate bodily functions and can reduce the risk of heart disease, lower blood-cholesterol levels etc (See Ilex paraguariensis or Ilex kaushue for examples)[]. Even these teas, however, if taken in very concentrated doses, can act as a laxative or cause vomiting. Indeed, several species are used by traditional peoples to induce vomiting as a means of purifying the body (see Ilex guayusa or Ilex vomitoria for examples)

Botanical References

Range

E. Asia - northeast India, Bangladesh, southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia (Java)

Habitat

Forests, forest margins, thickets, shrub forests on mountain slopes and in valleys; at elevations from 100 - 2,200 metres but mainly between 200 - 1,800 metres[].

Properties

Conservation Status	Least Concern
Medicinal Rating
Habit	Evergreen Tree
Height	6.00 m
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Ilex species generally tolerate most soils that are not water-logged[].
A dioecious species, both male and female forms need to be grown if fruit and seed are required.

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal

The roots are used in the treatment of furunculosis, contusions, and strains[].

Other Uses

None known

Propagation

Seed -

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