Common Name:

General Information

Scaphium longiflorum is a deciduous tree growing up to 36 metres tall[]. The straight, cylindrical bole is up to 50cm in diameter, with thick buttresses up to 100cm high[, , ].
The edible seed is gathered from the wild for local use as a food and medicine. The tree is exploited as a source of 'kembang semangkok' timber for major international trade and as a medicine for minor international trade[].
A scattered primary forest tree which has declined due to expansion of settlement and logging activities[]. The tree is listed as 'Vulnerable' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(1998)[]. A more recent report (2009), not yet ratified by the IUCN, says that although Scaphium longiflorum is found in forest which is under threat from logging and other human disturbances its wide distribution and occurrence in forest reserves means a conservation status of Least Concern is most appropriate[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

Range

Southeast Asia - Malaysia.

Habitat

Lowland forests, especially in swampy or semi-swampy rainforest; at elevations up to 700 metres[, , ].

Properties

Conservation Status	Vulnerable
Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Deciduous Tree
Height	30.00 m
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Not known

Edible Uses

Seed - raw[].

The seed coat of all species in the genus contains large mucilage-sacs which, when placed in water, swell up to eight times their original volume to yield a transparent, mucilaginous gel[, , ]. This is removed from the seeds, mixed with the soaked seeds of basil (Ocimum spp.) and made into a refreshing drink[, ].

Medicinal

The seed coat of all species in the genus contains large mucilage-sacs which, when placed in water, expand to produce a jelly-like substance[]. This is used as a febrifuge and also to treat complaints such as coughs and asthma; diarrhoea and dysentery; and also as a remedy for pharyngitis and sore throats[, , ]. It probably works by coating the affected area in a soothing, healing mucilage and thus giving it an opportunity to recover[].

Other Uses

The fibrous bark is sometimes used for walls in temporary local houses[].

The wood of all species in this genus is very similar and no distinction in use is made between them[]. The wood is often traded; in Malaysia it is known as 'kembang semangkok', in Indonesia as 'kapas-kapasan', in Thailand as samrong. The following is a general description of the wood:-
The heartwood is light yellow to light brown, with a large silver figure; it is not clearly demarcated from the sapwood. The texture is medium to slightly coarse and uneven; the grain straight or shallowly interlocked. The wood is light to moderately heavy; soft to moderately hard; fairly strong; somewhat resistant to fungi but susceptible to dry wood borers. It seasons fairly rapidly, with very little risk of checking and distortion; once dry it is moderately stable to stable in service. Because of its high silica content, it has a blunting effect on tools and so stellite-tipped and tungsten carbide tools are recommended. It is easy to work, nailing and screwing are good; gluing is correct; planing is easy and the surface produced is generally smooth. Considered a light hardwood, it has a very attractive figure, making the timber very suitable for interior finishing, panelling, furniture components etc, It is also used in construction, for joinery, boxes and crates, flooring, matches, plywood etc. Logs can be easily peeled to various thicknesses of veneers without any form of pretreatment - the veneers produced are found to be smooth and tight. Attractive ornamental figures can be found on the veneer surfaces and the veneer can be glued fairly easily[, , , , ].
The wood is used for fuel[].

Propagation

A physical dormancy caused by the hard seed coat of the mature seeds of many species in this genus can be overcome by scarifying the seed. This is carried out by cutting away or abrading some of the seed coat to allow the ingress of water, though great care must be taken not to damage the embryo[]. The aril surrounding the seed should also be removed - this is easiest when it has been softened through soaking in water[]. The seeds germinate optimally at temperatures between 20 - 30°c. They can be sown in a nursery seedbed or in containers. A germination rate of about 95%, occurring within about 2 weeks can be expected if the seed has been properly treated[].

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