The taxonomy of this species is very confusing. We are following the treatment in the Kew Database, Plants of the World Online (http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:136788-1, accessed 10/07/2021). However, in various other fairly modern works it is treated variously as Opuntia amyclaea Ten.; Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck; Opuntia ficus-indica var. amyclaea (Ten.) A.Berger; and also simply as a synonym of Opuntia ficus-indica.

Common Name: Nopal Alfacayuca

General Information

Opuntia maxima is a somewhat spiny, succulent, much-branched shrubby cactus with segmented stems;
The plant produces a good quality fruit and is also grown as an ornamental.

Known Hazards

The plant has numerous minutely barbed glochids - these are barbed spines that are usually small to minute and are very sharp and brittle. The glochids are very easily dislodged when the plant is touched and can penetrate the skin where, because of their barbs, they become stuck and are very difficult to see and remove. They can cause considerable irritation and discomfort[, ].
Opuntia species can contain quite high levels of oxalic acid, especially in older parts of the plant. Perfectly alright in small quantities, foods containing oxalic acid should not be eaten in large amounts since it can lock-up other nutrients in the food, especially calcium, thus causing mineral deficiencies. The oxalic acid content will be reduced if the plant is cooked. People with a tendency to rheumatism, arthritis, gout, kidney stones or hyperacidity should take especial caution if including this plant in their diet since it can aggravate their condition[, ].

Botanical References

Range

Southern N. America - southwest Mexico

Habitat

Not known in the wild[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Habit	Evergreen Shrub
Height	0.00 m
Cultivation Status	Cultivated, Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Not known

Edible Uses

Fruit - raw[]. Of good quality, when ripe, the light greenish-yellow fruits are plump and juicy[, , ].

The tender young stem segments of various species are often cooked as a vegetable[]. Known as ‘nopals’ in Mexico, where they are a common ingredient in numerous dishes, they can be eaten raw or cooked, used in marmalades, soups, stews and salads. The most commonly used species are Opuntia ficus-indica or Opuntia hyptiacantha (syn Opuntia matudae), although the stems of almost all Opuntia species are edible[, ].

Medicinal

We have no specific information on medicinal uses for this species, but the following notes are likely to apply universally to Opuntia species and other related genera[].

The flesh of tender young stem segments can be applied as a poultice to reduce inflammation[].
The mucilage and soluble fibre found in the flowers and stem segments have been shown to help control blood-sugar levels associated with adult-onset diabetes[].
There is clinical evidence that the soluble fibre in the stem segments helps reduce blood cholesterol levels[].

Other Uses

None known

Propagation

Seed -

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