Common Name:

General Information

Millettia aurea is a shrub or a tree that usually grows around 3 - 6 metres tall, but can grow up to 20 metres tall[].
The tree is sometimes harvested from the wild for local use of its wood.
Millettia aurea is threatened mainly by loss and fragmentation of its habitat due to intentional burning to clear land for grazing and agricultural lands, and wildfires sparked by burning adjacent secondary grasslands. The plant is classified as 'Vulnerable' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2019)[].

Known Hazards

Millettia species in general contain a range of toxic substances, especially isoflavones. Rotenone is probably the best known of these isoflavones and it is found especially in the seeds and roots of the plants. Rotenone is often used locally as a fish poison - the rotenone kills or stuns the fish making them easy to catch, but the fish remain perfectly safe for warm-blooded creatures to eat. Rotenone is classified by the World Health Organization as moderately hazardous. It is mildly toxic to humans and other mammals, but extremely toxic to many insects (hence its use as an insecticide) and also to aquatic life, including fish. This higher toxicity in fish and insects is because the lipophilic rotenone is easily taken up through the gills or trachea, but not as easily through the skin or the gastrointestinal tract. The lowest lethal dose for a child is 143 mg/kg, but human deaths from rotenone poisoning are rare because its irritating action causes vomiting. Deliberate ingestion of rotenone, however, can be fatal.
The compound decomposes when exposed to sunlight and usually has an activity of six days in the environment.
Millettia species often also contain other potentially toxic compounds, especially saponins and alkaloids[].

Botanical References

Range

Africa - northwest Madagascar.

Habitat

Deciduous woodland in drier areas at elevations below 500 metres[, ].

Properties

Conservation Status	Vulnerable
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Tree
Height	15.00 m
Pollinators	Insects
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Species in this genus generally grow best in a sunny position in a fertile, moisture-retentive but well-drained soil[].

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal

None known

For mild to moderate depression, most clinical trials have used St. John's wort extract standardized to 0.3% hypericin content. Doses are most commonly 300 mg three times daily (3548,3549). Doses of 1200 mg daily have also been used (5096). Some studies have also used a 0.2% hypericin extract dosed at 250 mg twice daily (4897,6434). A St. John's wort extract standardized to 5% hyperforin and dosed at 300 mg three times daily has also been used (761,4630). For children under 12 years of age with depression, St. John's wort extract standardized to 0.3% hypericin 300 mg daily has been used (4538).

Other Uses

The stems are used for making fences[].

Propagation

Like many species within the family Fabaceae, once they have been dried for storage the seeds of this species may benefit from scarification before sowing in order to speed up and improve germination. This can usually be done by pouring a small amount of nearly boiling water on the seeds (being careful not to cook them!) and then soaking them for 12 - 24 hours in warm water. By this time they should have imbibed moisture and swollen - if they have not, then carefully make a nick in the seedcoat (being careful not to damage the embryo) and soak for a further 12 hours before sowing[].

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