Common Name: Dipark

General Information

Lithocarpus gracilis is an evergreen tree that can grow from 10 - 40 metres tall. The bole can be from 20 - 90cm in diameter, with buttresses up to 150cm high, 100cm out and 10cm thick[, ].
The tree is harvested from the wild for its wood, which is jointly marketed with the wood of various other Lithocarpus and Quercus species under the trade name ‘mempening'[].
Lithocarpus gracilis has no population information but it is predicted that the population is in decline to some degree. Despite this the species is widespread and it is therefore not anticipated that decline will exceed a threatened category across the species entire range. However, the impact of deforestation and the use of the species in the timber trade should be investigated. The plant is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2018)[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

,

Range

Southeast Asia - Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatera, Kalimantan), Brunei

Habitat

A mid-canopy tree, found on sandy-clay and alluvium soils in primary or secondary hill mixed dipterocarp forest, including riparian and kerangas forests; at elevations up to 1,200 metres[].

Properties

Conservation Status	Least Concern
Edibility Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Tree
Height	28.00 m
Pollinators	Insects, Wind
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Lithocarpus gracilis is a plant of the moist tropics, where it is usually found at elevations up to 1,200 metres[]. The varous species in this genus usually grow in regions where there can be year-round rainfall, generally disliking dry seasons.
In the wild, Lithocarpus species are mainly found in well-drained soils, often growing on slopes. In cultivation most species are tolerant of a range of soil textures and prefer an acid to neutral pH. Young plants usually grow sucessfully in the shade of woodland, but older trees like a more sunny position. This species is often found in the wild in Kerangas forest - a type of moist, heath forest found on acidic, sandy soils that are low in nutrients, especially nitrogen[].
Plants often flower all year round in their native habitat[].

Edible Uses

We have no specific information for this species, but the seed (or acorn) is a rich source of carbohydrates and would almost certainly have been eaten by traditional peoples, especially in times of shortage. The main disadvantage is that the seed is also likely to contain bitter-tasting, astringent tannins. Traditionally, these tannins would have been largely removed either by leaching the seeds in water or by baking them. The seeds can be eaten raw but would usually be cooked whole or be dried and ground into a powder that can then be used to make a gruel, or as a thickener in soups and stews, or as an additive to flour for making bread, cakes etc[].
The ovoid to conical seed is 15 - 20mm long and 15 - 25mm wide with a thin, woody shell[].

Medicinal

None known

Other Uses

The bark of most species is rich in tannins and can be used as a dye and preservative for ropes etc[].

The sapwood is yellowish-brown[].
The heartwood is yellow-brown, red-brown or dark red-brown; it is not always clearly demarcated from the lighter-coloured sapwood. The texture is rather coarse and uneven; the grain fairly straight but sometimes interlocked; there is a true oak-line silver figure prominent on the radial surface. The wood is strong to very strong; hard to very hard; moderately heavy to heavy; moderately durable under exposed conditions and very difficult to treat. It seasons fairly slowly, without any defects except for some staining, slight bowing and end-checking; shrinkage is high. It is easy to saw when green, but slightly difficult to work when dried; planing is easy and the planed surface is smooth; turned wood has a rough surface when finished. Nailing properties are poor.
A medium hardwood, it is suitable for medium to heavy construction under cover and with protection from termite attacks; when well seasoned it can be used for furniture making, interior finishing, panelling, parquet flooring, decorative veneers etc[]. It is used locally for purposes such as general construction, fence posts, mining props, shingles, boat building, and for making tool handles, rice pounder, poles for carts etc[].
The wood makes a good fuel and can be used to make charcoal[].

Propagation

Seed - it quickly loses viability if it is allowed to dry out. It can be stored moist and cool, but is best sown as soon as it is ripe in an outdoor seed bed, though it must be protected from mice, squirrels etc. Small quantities of seed can be sown in deep pots in a cold frame. Plants produce a deep taproot and need to be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible, in fact seed sown in situ will produce the best trees[]. Trees should not be left in a nursery bed for more than 2 growing seasons without being moved or they will transplant very badly.

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