The genus Hydnocarpus is currently (2015) under review and there seems no clear and generally accepted treatment currently available. Because different authorities are treating the genus differently, we have included several species here where we are uncertain if we are using the correct name - or even if we are including it more than once under different names. Although its position is currently unresolved, this is one of the species we are more confident about, and it is likely to be the correct name for Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus (which currently has a separate entry)[].

Common Name:

General Information

Hydnocarpus castaneus is an evergreen tree usually growing 15 - 20 metres tall, exceptionally to 30 metres. The bole is up to 60cm in diameter[].
The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine and source of wood.

Known Hazards

Although we have seen no specific information for this species, the seeds of many members of this genus contain cyanogenetic glycosides[, ]. In very small quantities this has been used medicinally, having been shown to stimulate respiration and improve digestion, it is also claimed to be of benefit in the treatment of cancer. In excess, however, it can cause respiratory failure and even death.

Botanical References

Range

Southeast Asia - Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia

Habitat

Dense forests, swampy ground, often along the sides of small streams, sometimes on limestone cliff bases; usually at elevations from 100 - 150 metres, but also reported to ascend to 1,200 metres[].

Properties

Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Tree
Height	18.00 m
Pollinators	Insects
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Species in this genus generally require well-drained sandy or loamy silt soils and grow best along creek beds or on the banks of streams[].
Seeds tend to go rancid rather quickly. Therefore ripe fruits should be opened and the fruit pulp and aril removed from the seeds. Seeds are then washed and dried in the sun. Sun-dried seeds, either whole or broken, are cold-pressed or pressed under concurrent heating to extract the oil. The chemical composition of the end-product of these methods varies[].
A dioecious species, both male and female forms need to be grown if fruit and seed are required

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal

The oil from the seeds is used in the treatment of a range of skin problems including leprosy, wounds and eczema[, ].
The globose, velvety fruit is around 50 - 65mm in diameter, containing 20 - 30 densely packed seeds around 25 - 33mm long and 18 - 25mm wide[].

A decoction of the bark is used in the treatment of internal disorders and also to treat skin diseases[].

Other Uses

The wood is whitish[].
When it attains suitable dimensions, the wood of species in this genus is often used locally for house building (poles), temporary heavy construction, posts, fences, interior finishing, panelling and door and window frames[].

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe, when it will usually germinate quickly. Germination of stored seed can be slow, with some species in the genus taking up to 2 years. Sow the seed in a shaded position in a nursery seedbed and keep moist. Grow on the seedlings in shade until large enough to plant out[].

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