It has been proposed - William J.Baker; A revised delimitation of the rattan genus Calamus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 197 (2): 139-152; 2015 - that the genera Ceratolobus, Daemonorops, Pogonotium and Retispatha should all be subsumed into a revised and expanded concept of the genus Calamus. This revised treatment has been accepted in the 'World Checklist of Selected Plant Families' and is likely to recieve further acceptance. For the time being, until there is wider acceptance of this change, we are not moving these species across into Calamus. The new name for this species in Calamus will be Calamus sabut (Becc.) W.J.Baker[].

Common Name:

General Information

Daemonorops sabut is an evergreen, climbing palm producing clusters of slender, unbranched stems that climb into the surrounding vegetation[].
The plant has a range of uses, being harvested from the wild for mainly local use as a source of material for basketry and a resin with medicinal applications[]. This is one of several species supplying the resin, which is sold in local markets and sometimes also traded internationally[, ]. The stems are also sold in local markets for basketry and the plant has potential for commercial cultivation[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

Range

Southeast Asia - peninsular Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia.

Habitat

A very characteristic plant of alluvial or freshwater swamps, mostly in lowlands, but also at elevations up to 400 metres[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Climber
Height	0.00 m
Cultivation Status	Wild

Cultivation Details

Most species in this genus are more or less vigorous climbing plants in rainforests. In general, they are likely to grow best with their roots in the shade but with enough gap in the canopy to encourage their stems to grow up towards the light. They are also likely to grow best in a humus-rich soil[].
This species is one of several that supply a red resin from their stem. This resin, often known as 'Dragon's Blood' is often used as an external application to treat a range of skin problems and injuries[]. Dragon's Blood can be obtained from several species in this genus, as well as from three other distinct genera - Dracaena species, Croton species and Pterocarpus species[]
A dioecious species, both male and female forms need to be grown if fruit and seed are required.

Edible Uses

A natural red dye similar to 'Dragon's Blood' can be prepared from the fruit[]. Dragon's Blood is a resin obtained from the fruit of several species in this genus. Its uses are as follows[]:-
The resin obtained from the fruit scales is used as a red flavouring and colouring in non-alcoholic drinks[, ].

Medicinal

The resin was formerly valued as a medicine in Europe because of its astringent properties, though it is little used there at present[].
The resin is astringent and stimulant[]. Internally, it is used to alleviate chest pains, post-partum bleeding, internal traumas, and menstrual irregularities[].
The resin is used externally as a wash to further healing and stop bleeding[]. It has been used in dentifrices and as a mouth wash[].
Dragon’s blood is brittle, feebly sweetish or almost tasteless and odourless[].

Other Uses

The stems are used as splits and woven into mats and carrying baskets[]. A popular local material because the stems are small (about 15mm in diameter) and durable[].
The long and slender stems of rattan are put to various uses according to their size, length, flexibility, elasticity and toughness. The most slender canes are employed entire for binding purposes, and in making chairs, blinds, mats, wicker or basketwork, fishing implements, etc. Twisted together, they make very strong cables. The largest and more resistent canes are used entire as cables, the framework of wicker chairs etc. Usually, however, for many purposes the stems are split throughout their length into 2 - 4 or more strips from which the inner soft brittle and spongy portion is removed by means of a knife or same other instrument, so as to leave the external portion, which is hard, tough, flexible, elastic and has its outer surface very clean and smooth as if it had been varnished[].
Strips vary in width according to the use to which they are to be put. Those for delicate work, such as the network of furniture, small bags, hats, etc, are from 1 - 3mm wide; those employed as lashings in native housebuilding or in fastening the removable head of the Malay axe to its handle are from 5-6 mm wide[].
Collecting and preparing the stems is very simple. The stem is cut near the ground and detached from the trees by taking a strong hold of its base and thus pulling down the entire plant with its leaves. The most recent growth at the top of the plant is removed and then, handling it from the upper end, the stem is forcibly drawn in the opposite direction between two pieces of wood, thus removing the spiny coverings. It is then cut into lengths of about 5 metres, each piece is bent into two equal parts and the stems are fastened into bundles ready for market. The most valued stems are not thicker than a man's little finger and have a fine polished straw-yellow glassy surface[].

The stems can be used as a tying material for binding and tying roofs[].

An orange to red resin, known as 'dragon's blood', is extracted from the fruit scales and leaf sheaths[, , ]. It is used as dye for textiles, baskets, varnishes, toothpastes, tinctures, and plasters for dyeing horns to imitate tortoise shells. It is also used in varnishes and lacquers, especially on violins, where it gives a mahogany-like stain; and in photo engraving on zinc, where it protects the metal parts that are not to be etched[, ].
Extraction of the resin can be by dry or wet methods. Dry extraction is done by sun-drying the collected fruits and then crushing them. The resulting resin is screened and flushed with hot water to form a batter. The resin is turned into granules, sticks and powder[]. Alternatively, the fruits are first dried and the resin then removed by rubbing the fruit with cockle shells[]. The resin so collected is processed by wrapping in a cloth, dampening in hot water and then being squeezed[].
The best dragon blood comes in cylinder form of 30 - 35cm in length and 20 - 25mm in thickness and when dissolved in alcohol the residue content is below 9%[].
For wet-extraction, the crushed fruits are boiled in water, but the dyes extracted in this way are of inferior quality[].

Propagation

Seed -

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