Common Name:

General Information

Camellia kissi is an evergreen shrub or a small tree; it usually grows from 1.5 - 5 metres tall, occasionally reaching 9 metres[].
The plant is often cultivated for its oil in China, which is used mainly for food and medicine.
Camellia kissii has a large extent of occurrence and no direct threats have been identified. The plant is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2013)[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

, ,

Range

E. Asia - southern China, northeast India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam.

Habitat

Forests and shrubberies in evergreen forests; at elevations from 300 - 2,000 metres, occasionally to 3,100 metres[, ]. Moist ground in hill forests at elevations of 900 - 2,100 metres in Nepal[].

Properties

Conservation Status	Least Concern
Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Shrub
Height	4.00 m
Pollinators	Bees
Cultivation Status	Cultivated, Wild

Cultivation Details

Camellia species are found mainly in the warm temperate to subtropical regions of southern China, and most species experience mild winters with few frosts plus wet summers[]. Camellia kissii grows well in subtropical areas and should succeed, at least at higher elevations, in the tropics[].
Species in this genus generally prefer a peaty, more or less lime-free soil with a pH in the range 5 - 7, but most will grow well in an open loam to which ample leaf-mould has been added, so long as it is well-drained and lime-free. Most species are understorey plants in forests (preferably oak or pine) and prefer a warm, sheltered position with moderate shade; at least at the hottest time of day[, ]. Requires a position sheltered from strong winds[].
Plants are not very self-compatible, self-fertilized flowers produce few seeds and these are of low viability[].
This species is sometimes cultivated in China for the edible oil contained in its seed.

Edible Uses

An oil is obtained from the seed[]. It is used for cooking[]. It is said to be similar to olive oil[].
The subglobose to globose-pyriform capsule is 14 - 25mm x 15 - 20mm, usually 1 - 3-loculed with 1 brown, globose seed around 10 - 15mm in diameter per locule[].
The fruit is said to be edible[, ]. This seems a very strange report, the fruit is a dry wooden capsule[].

A tea is made from the steamed then dried leaves[, , , ]. It is used as a substitute for China tea (obtained from Camellia sinensis)[, ].

The flowers are boiled then pickled[].

Medicinal

The oil is emollient and much valued in medicine[]. The oil is used for treating dry skin, stretch marks and wrinkles[, ].

Other Uses

The oil obtained from the seed is used in haircare products[].

The oil obtained from the seed of this species is likely to be very similar in quality to that obtained from Camellia oleifera. The uses of that oil are as follows:-
The seed contains 40 - 50% of a non-drying oil. The oil consists mainly of oleic acid. It is not subject to polymerize nor to oxidize, nor does it form solids at low temperatures[]. The oil has a wide range of applications. It is a good raw material for industrial uses, it is used as an illuminant, in making textiles and in the manufacture of items such as soap, margarine, hair oil, lubricants, inks and paint. It is also used in the synthesis of other high-molecular weight compounds, and to make a rustproof coating for metals. It is often used medicinally and in cosmetics in items such as skin creams and anti-wrinkle compounds[, , , , , ].
Various compounds are extracted from the seeds once the oil has been removed. These include saponins (used an emulsifying agent in pesticides, for foam-forming fire extinguishers and in detergents), tannins and pentosan[].
The seed cake has insecticidal activity, and has been proven to give effective control over a range of pests[, ].

Propagation

Seed - can be sown as soon as it is ripe in a shaded position[]. Stored seed should be pre-soaked for 24 hours in warm water and the hard covering around the micropyle should be filed down to leave a thin covering[, , ]. It usually germinates in 1 - 3 months at 23°c[]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in light shade until they are large enough to plant out[].
Cuttings of almost ripe wood, 10 - 15cm with a heel in a shaded frame. High percentage but slow[].
Cuttings of firm wood, 7 - 10cm with a heel in a frame[, ].
Leaf-bud cuttings in a frame.

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