Common Name: Rotan Kesup

General Information

Rotan kesup is a massive, evergreen climbing rattan palm, producing a cluster of unbranched, spiny stems growing up to 50 metres long, to 40mm in diameter and with internodes 30cm long[, , ].
The stems have long been harvested from the wild by local people for their use in basketry, furniture making etc, and they are sometimes exported[]. The plant is planted widely and commercially in the Philippines for its stems and also as a reforestation species[]. It is also harvested from the wild for local use as a food and medicine, the fruits are sold in local markets[].

Known Hazards

None known

Botanical References

Range

Southeast Asia - southern Thailand, through Indonesia to the Philippines.

Habitat

Very common and widespread in primary as well as secondary tropical rain forest at altitudes up to 1,000 metres[]. It is not found in peat swamps or on extremely poor ridgetop soils[].

Properties

Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Climber
Height	50.00 m
Cultivation Status	Cultivated, Wild

Cultivation Details

Most species in this genus are more or less vigorous climbing plants in rainforests. Leaves of young plants are normally damaged if exposed to too much light, though leaves of older plants will usually tolerate full sun. In general, plants are likely to grow best with their roots in the shade but with enough gap in the canopy to encourage their stems to grow up towards the light. They are also likely to grow best in a humus-rich soil[]. Many of the species require fairly moist conditions for good growth, in fact several of them grow in wet soils or in areas with seasonal inundation - where we have the information it will be included under the plant’s habitat.
Overhead shade should be manipulated at about 6-monthly intervals for the first 2 - 3 years of a young plant’s life to ensure they receive sufficient light to grow vigorously. About 40 - 50% light penetration is generally considered to be ideal for promoting stem growth.
Little care is needed once the seedlings are established. It is important, however, to weed the area surrounding the seedlings occasionally until the plants are more than 2 metres tall.
A dioecious species, both male and female forms need to be grown if fruit and seed are required.

Edible Uses

The fruits are edible and are sold in local markets[]. An acid and refreshing pulp[, ]. They are used to make a vinegar[].The ellipsoid, scaly fruit is up to 35mm long; the skin is creamy yellow except for the blackish brown margins of the scales; the base is tightly enclosed by a persistent calyx[].

Although we have no specific information for this species, many members of this genus have potentially edible young shoots. Indeed, in Laos the shoots are considered to be a delicacy and over half the species growing there are said to be cooked and eaten as a vegetable. The top 100cm of the plant is used. If the leaf sheaths are left in place until just before cooking then the shoot will remain fresh for up to one week[].

Medicinal

The Semai people of Peninsular Malaysia consider it to be one of seven plant species whose leaves help in the avoidance of epidemic diseases[].

The water from the raw terminal bud is said to cure stomach-ache and diarrhoea[].

During childbirth, women in Sarawak may drink the extract of the roots to alleviate pain[].

The ash of the stem is believed to cure yaws[].

Agroforestry Uses:

The plant is used in reforestation projects in the Philippines[].

Other Uses

The major use of the cane is for making furniture, and as core[]. Other uses include the making of walking sticks, handles for umbrellas, axes and parangs, and flooring[]. The stem, which is very long and robust, is traditionally employed as a cable stretched across rivers for moving ferry boats[].
The long and slender stems of Calamus species are put to various uses according to their size, length, flexibility, elasticity and toughness. The most slender canes are employed entire for binding purposes, and in making chairs, blinds, mats, wicker or basketwork, fishing implements, etc. Twisted together, they make very strong cables. The largest and more resistent canes are used entire as cables, the framework of wicker chairs etc. Usually, however, for many purposes the stems are split throughout their length into 2 - 4 or more strips from which the inner soft brittle and spongy portion is removed by means of a knife or same other instrument, so as to leave the external portion, which is hard, tough, flexible, elastic and has its outer surface very clean and smooth as if it had been varnished[].
Strips vary in width according to the use to which they are to be put. Those for delicate work, such as the network of furniture, small bags, hats, etc, are from 1 - 3mm wide; those employed as lashings in native housebuilding or in fastening the removable head of the Malay axe to its handle are from 5-6 mm wide[].
Collecting and preparing the stems is very simple. The stem is cut near the ground and detached from the trees by taking a strong hold of its base and thus pulling down the entire plant with its leaves. The most recent growth at the top of the plant is removed and then, handling it from the upper end, the stem is forcibly drawn in the opposite direction between two pieces of wood, thus removing the spiny coverings. It is then cut into lengths of about 5 metres, each piece is bent into two equal parts and the stems are fastened into bundles ready for market. The most valued stems are not thicker than a man's little finger and have a fine polished straw-yellow glassy surface[].

Propagation

Seed - it has a fairly short viability and is best sown as soon as it is ripe.

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