Common Name:

General Information

Andira legalis is a small, evergreen tree with a roundish crown; it can grow 4 - 20 metres tall. The bole is free from buttresses, crooked with a more or less corky bark, and up to 30 - 40cm in diameter[, ].
The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine and source of wood. Used in reforestation projects, it is an ornamental tree, especially when in bloom, and can be used for street plantings[].
Andira legalis has a very wide distribution, large population, is not currently experiencing any major threats and no significant future threats have been identified. The plant is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2019)[].

Known Hazards

Many members of this genus are used medicinally, particularly to treat parasitic and other skin conditions, and to act as a drastic purgative. The powdered wood, bark and seeds are the parts most commonly used. However the medicinal use of these plants needs to be tempered with caution since the active compounds (the alkaloid andirine is most commonly mentioned) are toxic and, in all but small doses, can cause fever, delerium, vomiting and, in extreme cases, death[, ]. Both caster oil (from Ricinus communis) and lemon juice are said to be effective antidotes[].
The smoke from the wood is said to be toxic and to cause blindness if it gets in the eyes[, ].

Botanical References

Range

S. America - eastern Brazil.

Habitat

Humid forests of the coastal lowlands, usually in clayey soils[].

Properties

Conservation Status	Least Concern
Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Tree
Height	6.00 m
Growth Rate	Medium
Pollinators	Bees, Insects
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Requires a sunny position[].
Young plants usually establish and grow away moderately well[].
This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby[].

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal

The plant has toxic properties and should be used with care. See notes above on toxicity.

The seeds are vermifuge[, ].

The bark is used as a vermifuge[].
The powdered bark and wood are applied externally in the treatment of skin ulcers[].

The active anthelmintic principle in the plant is the non-proteinogenic amino acid N-methyltyrosine (andirine)[].

Agroforestry Uses:

The tree is used in reforestation projects[].

Other Uses

The wood is cross-grained; thick-textured; with moderate mechanical properties; heavy; soft and easy to work with[]. It is used for general carpentry, boat construction etc[]. Of small dimensions, it is mainly used locally in rustic constructions, light cabinet making, fence posts, railway ties etc[].
The wood is used for fuel and charcoal[].

Propagation

Seed - the whole fruit is usually sown because it is difficult to separate the pulp[]. Best sown as soon as it is ripe, in individual pots, covering them with 1cm of soil. A germination rate of over 50% is usually achieved within 2 - 4 weeks of sowing[]. Plant out into their permanent positions when 20 - 30cm tall[].

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