The genus Agave is treated here in a wide sense to include taxa previously treated as belonging to the genera Manfreda, Prochnyanthes, Polianthes and Pseudobravoa. Not all botanists are happy with this treatment, with some feeling that these genera should remain distinct, at least until further studies have been carried out. In addition, given the high species diversity found in Agave, some feel that an alternative approach could be the recognition of several smaller genera within the current circumscription of Agave[].

Common Name:

General Information

Agave funkiana is an evergreen, stemless, succulent plant forming an open rosette of leaves that can be 60 - 90cm tall and 120 - 180cm in diameter. The leaves on mature plants can each be 60 - 80cm long and 35 - 55mm wide near the base. After several years of growth, a flowering stem that can be around 3.5 - 4.5 metres tall is produced, after which the rosette will die. However, the plant usually suckers freely and these will continue growing[].
The plant is harvested from the wild and has also been cultivated, for use as a source of fibre. In the past, this species was harvested heavily on a commercial basis for its fibre, known as 'ixtle' and also as 'Tampico fibre'. However, since the substitution of natural fibres by plastic the demand for this plant has decreased[]. The plant is also used to make the drink 'mezcal', and is often grown as an ornamental - there are some named selections[].
Agave funkiana has a wide range, is abundant and even though the species is collected from the wild to produce fibres, the decline is very slow and the overall popualtion is stable. It also occurs in protected areas.The plant is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2019)[].

Known Hazards

Many Agave species have strong, sharp spines on the leaves and leaf tips.
In theory at least, the flowers, nectar, immature flowering stem and the centre of the rosette of all Agave species is edible and, with proper preparation, can provide a sweet, tasty foodstuff. Some species, however, contain relatively high levels of saponins (which makes them taste bitter) and some other compounds which can cause bellyache, and so these would only be eaten in times of desperation. In addition, many people may find these foods to be strongly laxative the first few times they eat them[].

Botanical References

Range

Southern N. America - eastern and southern Mexico

Habitat

Limestone rocks in dry, Pine-Oak and Oak forests, also in xerophyllous scrub and tropical dry forest; at elevations from 500 - 2,100 metres[]

Properties

Conservation Status	Least Concern
Edibility Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Evergreen Perennial
Height	0.75 m
Cultivation Status	Cultivated, Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Agave species are found mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions of southwestern N. America, especially in Mexico, extending from the warm temperate zone to the tropics often at moderate elevations. Many species can withstand at least a few degrees of frost, but only in drier regions and where soils are very well-drained.
Agave species generally require a sunny position, succeeding in most soils of medium-fertility so long as they are very well-drained. Most species are undemanding as to the soil pH, though those found in the wild on limestone soils will grow better in neutral to alkaline conditions. Plants are generally very tolerant of dry conditions and of extended periods of drought[].
Most Agave species are monocarpic, individual rosettes living for a number of years without flowering before sending up an often very large flowering stem and then dying after flowering and setting seed. This species, however, produces a number of new rosettes from suckers or offsets during its lifespan and these new plants will continue to grow after the death of the parent plant. This species usually suckers freely and can form extensive clonal colonies by this means[].
Individual plants take about 7 - 15 years in their native habitat, considerably longer in colder climates, before flowering[].
Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer[].

Edible Uses

The plant is used to make 'mezcal'[]. Mezcal is a distilled alcoholic beverage that potentially can be made from almost any species of Agave, though only around fifty are used regularly and seven species are especially favoured. Mature plants are harvested from the wild, their leaves and roots are removed and the remaining 'hearts' are baked (often in an earth oven), then mashed and the resulting liquid allowed to ferment for a few days before being distilled to produce mezcal.

Medicinal

None known

Other Uses

A fibre is obtained from the leaves. The young leaves provide the Jaumave-fibres, which are used for manufacturing high-quality brushes, leashes, harnesses and are occasionally also used as an upholstering material[].

Propagation

Seed - surface sow in a container in a light position. The seed usually germinates in 1 - 3 months at 15 - 20°c[, ]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots of well-drained soil when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in a sunny position until they are at least 10cm tall before planting out.
Offsets and suckers can be potted up at any time they are available.
Bulbils, where produced, are an easy method of propagation. Simply pot them up and plant out at the beginning of a growing season when they are 10cm or more tall.

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