Common Name:

General Information

Millettia extensa is usually a large climbing shrub that can grow 20 metres tall, but when growing in a more open situation it is sometimes found as a small, almost erect shrub[].
A fibre obtained from the bark is used locally. The plant is cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics[].

Known Hazards

The powdered roots and bark are used as a fish poison[].
Millettia species in general contain a range of toxic substances, especially isoflavones. Rotenone is probably the best known of these isoflavones and it is found especially in the seeds and roots of the plants. Rotenone is often used locally as a fish poison - the rotenone kills or stuns the fish making them easy to catch, but the fish remain perfectly safe for warm-blooded creatures to eat. Rotenone is classified by the World Health Organization as moderately hazardous. It is mildly toxic to humans and other mammals, but extremely toxic to many insects (hence its use as an insecticide) and also to aquatic life, including fish. This higher toxicity in fish and insects is because the lipophilic rotenone is easily taken up through the gills or trachea, but not as easily through the skin or the gastrointestinal tract. The lowest lethal dose for a child is 143 mg/kg, but human deaths from rotenone poisoning are rare because its irritating action causes vomiting. Deliberate ingestion of rotenone, however, can be fatal.
The compound decomposes when exposed to sunlight and usually has an activity of six days in the environment.
Millettia species often also contain other potentially toxic compounds, especially saponins and alkaloids[].

Botanical References

Range

E. Asia - India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.

Habitat

A common climbing plant in Sal forests, it is also sometimes found in open situations[]. Relatively open forest, including semi-deciduous forest, up to elevations of 1,200 metres[].

Properties

Medicinal Rating
Other Uses Rating
Habit	Climber
Height	15.00 m
Cultivation Status	Ornamental, Wild

Cultivation Details

Species in this genus generally grow best in a sunny position in a fertile, moisture-retentive but well-drained soil[].
This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria; these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby[].

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal

The root bark is given daily for 5 days following menstruation as a contraceptive[].
The juice of the bark is applied topically to treat scabies[].

Agroforestry Uses:

The leaves and young branches are cut from trees and used as a green manure/mulch on the ground[].

Other Uses

A rough fibre is obtained from the bark and stems[]. It is used for making cordage[, ]. The stems are beaten and made into cordage or rough brushes[].

The plant contains isoflavones and rotenoids in the roots and seeds[]. These compounds can be used locally as an insecticide, but are probably present in too small a quantity for commercial use[].

Propagation

Like many species within the family Fabaceae, once they have been dried for storage the seeds of this species may benefit from scarification before sowing in order to speed up and improve germination. This can usually be done by pouring a small amount of nearly boiling water on the seeds (being careful not to cook them!) and then soaking them for 12 - 24 hours in warm water. By this time they should have imbibed moisture and swollen - if they have not, then carefully make a nick in the seedcoat (being careful not to damage the embryo) and soak for a further 12 hours before sowing[].

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