Anogeissus latifolia
(Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Bedome.
Combretaceae
Conocarpus latifolia Roxb. ex DC.
Common Name: Axlewood
Tree seen in Ragihalli forest in Bangalore
Photograph by: Forestowlet
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
Tree seen in Ragihalli forest in Bangalore
Photograph by: Forestowlet
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
Trunk with swollen base, plus a leafy branch
Photograph by: YVSREDDY
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Canopy
Photograph by: YVSREDDY
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Leaves, flowers and fruits
Photograph by: Lalithamba
Creative Commons Attribution 2.0
General Information
Axlewood is a small to medium-sized, deciduous tree growing up to 20 metres, occasionally to 35 metres, tall[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. The bole can be unbranched for up to 15 metres[
].
The tree is often harvested for its gum and tannins. It also yields a good quality wood and is planted in soil stabilization programmes.
Known Hazards
None known
Botanical References
Range
E. Asia - India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar.
Habitat
Deciduous or semi-evergreen forest, it is a common element in teak forests but also occurs in the understorey of dipterocarp forest, in bamboo forest and even in vegetation under semi-arid conditions like savannah woodland and dry rocky hills[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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-
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Properties
Edibility Rating | |
Medicinal Rating | |
Other Uses Rating | |
Habit | Deciduous Tree |
Height | 20.00 m |
Pollinators | Insects |
Cultivation Status | Cultivated, Wild |
Cultivation Details
A plant of lowland, drier to moist tropical areas, where it is found at elevations up to 1,300 metres[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
,
]. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 33°c, but can tolerate 7 - 47°c[
]. Mature plants can be killed by temperatures of -2°c or lower, but young growth can be severely damaged at 0°c[
]. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 800 - 1,400mm, but tolerates 600 - 2,300mm[
].
Young trees tolerate light shade, but adult trees require a sunny position[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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-
- Year
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- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. Grows best in a deep, fertile, well-drained soil, but can also succeed in soils of low fertility[
]. Prefers a pH in the range 5.5 - 6.5, tolerating 5 - 7[
]. Established plants are drought tolerant[
].
Natural regeneration of this species is very good, though young trees are very intolerant of weed competition[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
The tree produces root suckers, coppices and pollards well, but these exhibit great seasonal variability[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
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- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. Coppicing and pollarding should not be done during the rainy season[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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-
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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-
- Year
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. Thinning of coppice is necessary. Coppicing is relied upon to regenerate natural stands, coppice shoots grow fairly quickly[
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- World Agroforesty Centre
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- Year
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- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Trees are easily damaged by fire[
].
Its flowers are an important pollen source for bees[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Edible Uses
The gum that exudes from the trunk, known as 'ghatti gum', has been used in sweetmeats and as an emulsifier in the food industry[
301- Title
- Cornucopia II
- Publication
-
- Author
- Facciola. S.
- Publisher
- Kampong Publications, California.
- Year
- 1998
- ISBN
- 0-9628087-2-5
- Description
- The second edition of an excellent guide to the edible uses of plants, though it does not give any details of cultivation etc.
,
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Medicinal
The plant is used in treating snake bites and scorpion stings in India[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- Year
- 0
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-
- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Agroforestry Uses:
The tree is a good survivor on eroded land[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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-
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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-
- Year
- 0
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-
- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. It is used in river bank stabilization[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
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-
- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
The tree contributes to soil nutrient cycling, exhibiting high leaf-litter decomposition rates[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Other Uses
Ghatty gum is an exudation obtained from the wood[
46- Title
- Dictionary of Economic Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Uphof. J. C. Th.
- Publisher
- Weinheim
- Year
- 1959
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.
,
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
- Publication
-
- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
- Publisher
-
- Year
- 0
- ISBN
-
- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. Composed of yellowish-white tears, it is soluble in water, giving a very sticky mucilage[
46- Title
- Dictionary of Economic Plants.
- Publication
-
- Author
- Uphof. J. C. Th.
- Publisher
- Weinheim
- Year
- 1959
- ISBN
- -
- Description
- An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.
]. It is a good substitute for gum arabic and is used in calico printing, for sweetmeats, in dye processes, and as a binding agent in pharmaceuticals[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- Author
-
- Website
- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- Year
- 0
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- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
The leaves and bark are used for tanning[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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-
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- Year
- 0
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- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
The leaves yield a black dye that is used commercially in India[
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- World Agroforesty Centre
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Produces a heavy hardwood with a density of 760-940 kg/cu m. Heartwood absent or small; texture fine to medium and even. Shrinkage upon seasoning is moderate to high, and the wood is difficult to season as it is liable to warping, splitting and surface checking. It is possible to modify surface checking completely by soaking in solutions of 50% polyethylene glycol-600 for 1 day. The wood is hard, strong, and can be difficult to saw. When mixed with other woods can make good packing and writing paper[
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- World Agroforesty Centre
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- Year
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
The wood is used for erecting fences on field bunds[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- Year
- 0
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- Description
- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
It yields good charcoal and firewood with an energy value of 17 600-20 500 kJ/kg[
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- Year
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Propagation
Generally, seed viability is low but increases after very dry seasons[
303- Title
- World Agroforesty Centre
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-
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. Germination rates can be increased by pre-soaking the seeds for 3 minutes in hot water[
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- World Agroforesty Centre
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Fruits should be collected only when they are fully ripe as immature seeds fail to germinate. The ripe fruits are collected from the trees, dried in the sun and then stored. Seed storage in metal tins or polythene containers is the best[
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
Shoot cuttings failed to root and callous irrespective of IBA concentrations and method of application[
303- Title
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- http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
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- An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
].
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